Explainer: Why SpaceX faces a longer wait to join S&P 500

SpaceX's entry into the S&P 500 is delayed as S&P Dow Jones Indices refuses to ease inclusion criteria. To qualify, companies must be publicly traded for a year, be profitable, and have a free float of at least 10%. SpaceX falls short on all these fronts, having never been profitable and currently possessing a free float of only 3-4%. Consequently, SpaceX would be eligible for S&P 500 inclusion no earlier than June 2027. Potential passive inflows from this inclusion were estimated at $10 billion, but the delay raises questions about SpaceX's future in index-based investments, particularly against competitors like Nasdaq and FTSE Russell, which have relaxed their own entry requirements.

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The SpaceX logo and a rising stock graph are seen in this illustration taken June 5, 2026. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab

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June 5 (Reuters) - SpaceX's entry into the S&P 500 will take longer after S&P Dow Jones Indices declined to relax rules for megacap IPOs, delaying billions in passive fund inflows from the potential inclusion.

The decision keeps several barriers intact. To join the S&P 500 (.SPX), opens new tab, a company must trade publicly for at least 12 months, be profitable under U.S. accounting standards and hold ‌a free float of at least 10%. SpaceX, expected to debut on June 12, meets none.

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The company that runs the S&P 500 index (.SPX), opens new tab said on Thursday it was not changing the requirements for entry into its major indices, in contrast to other index providers Nasdaq and FTSE Russell, which have tweaked their requirements recently.

Here's what that means for SpaceX as it approaches its market debut:

WHAT ARE S&P'S CRITERIA AND WHERE DOES SPACEX STAND?

A company needs to trade on public markets for at least 12 months before it is even considered. That means SpaceX would not be eligible before ⁠June 2027 at the earliest for entry into any S&P indexes.

S&P requires a generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) profit in the company's most recent quarter and across the trailing four quarters. SpaceX posted a net loss of $4.94 billion in 2025, while revenue rose 33% to $18.67 billion. It has never been profitable.

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The current metrics imply a free-float of 3%-4%, according to Reuters calculations, far below S&P's requirement of at least 10%.

SpaceX clears S&P's rule of $22.7 billion minimum market capitalization or more, having targeted a valuation of $1.75 trillion in its initial public offering.

WHAT PASSIVE INFLOWS WERE EXPECTED?

J.P.Morgan in a May 11 note estimated that SpaceX would have drawn about $10 billion of passive inflows on S&P inclusion, assuming a $2 trillion market cap and a 5% float, and would carry a weight of roughly 0.15%.

On the same assumptions, Russell 1000 (.RUI), opens new tab inclusion would draw about $4 billion and Nasdaq 100 (.NDX), opens new tab about $4.3 billion.

WHAT ARE SPACEX'S CHANCES OF JOINING S&P 500 NOW?

For the ‌S&P 500, ⁠not before June 2027, and only if it also turns profitable and lifts its float above 10%. The Nasdaq and FTSE Russell have shortened their trading-history requirements, opening a faster route into the Nasdaq 100 and Russell indexes.

A Nasdaq listing would place SpaceX in the broad Nasdaq Composite (.IXIC), opens new tab automatically. Because the Composite is tech-heavy, the addition could widen performance gaps between Nasdaq trackers and the S&P 500.

"Every retail investor holding an S&P 500 ETF in their 401(k) would become an involuntary SpaceX shareholder, regardless of ⁠whether they believe in the story, understand the business, or are comfortable with the risk of a $1.75 trillion unprofitable company," said Jay Woods, chief strategist at Freedom Capital Markets.

"The index wasn't designed to do that. It was designed to reward companies that have already earned their place through profitability, staying power, and the patience of real markets."

WILL ⁠THIS THREATEN S&P 500'S DOMINANCE?

The Nasdaq and FTSE Russell have already changed their methodologies to fast-track large IPOs into their indexes, raising the question of whether institutional benchmarking could shift away from the S&P 500.

"The omission of SpaceX in the S&P 500 is just not a strong enough incentive to drive ⁠institutions to... change their benchmarks," said Peter Andersen, founder of Andersen Capital Management, in Boston. Institutional benchmarks are too deliberately constructed to be reset over a single absent stock, Andersen said.

The S&P 500 is widely considered to be the benchmark for U.S. equities with more than $20 trillion in assets tracking the index, compared to the Nasdaq 100's $1.4 trillion.

Reporting by Shashwat Chauhan and Johann M Cherian in Bengaluru; Editing by Shilpi Majumdar

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Explainer: Why SpaceX faces a longer wait to join S&P 500

WHAT ARE S&P'S CRITERIA AND WHERE DOES SPACEX STAND?

WHAT PASSIVE INFLOWS WERE EXPECTED?

WHAT ARE SPACEX'S CHANCES OF JOINING S&P 500 NOW?

WILL ⁠THIS THREATEN S&P 500'S DOMINANCE?

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